Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD Symptoms and Normal Behavior Scale (SWAN)

The SWAN assesses strengths and difficulties in attention and behavioural regulation in young people between 5 and 18 years of age and is typically rated by a parent.

Developer

James M. Swanson

References

Arnett, A. B., Pennington, B. F., Friend, A., Willcutt, E. G., Byrne, B., Samuelsson, S., & Olson, R. K. (2013). The SWAN captures variance at the negative and positive ends of the ADHD symptom dimension. Journal of Attention Disorders, 17(2), 152-162. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054711427399

Burton, C. L., Wright, L., Shan, J., Xiao, B., Dupuis, A., Goodale, T., Shaheen, S. M., Corfield, E. C., Arnold, P. D., Schachar, R. J., & Crosbie, J. (2019). SWAN scale for ADHD trait-based genetic research: A validity and polygenic risk study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 60(9), 988-997. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13032

Crosbie, J., Arnold, P., Paterson, A., Swanson, J., Dupuis, A., Li, X., Shan, J., Goodale, T., Tam, C., Strug, L. J., & Schachar, R. J. (2013). Response inhibition and ADHD traits: Correlates and heritability in a community sample. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 41(3), 497-507. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-012-9693-9

Lakes, K. D., Swanson, J. M., & Riggs, M. (2012). The reliability and validity of the English and Spanish Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD and Normal behavior rating scales in a preschool sample: Continuum measures of hyperactivity and inattention. Journal of Attention Disorders, 16(6), 510-516. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054711413550

Swanson, J. M., Schuck, S., Porter, M. M., Carlson, C., Hartman, C. A., Sergeant, J. A., Clevenger, W., Wasdell, M., McCleary, R., Lakes, K., & Wigal, T. (2012). Categorical and dimensional definitions and evaluations of symptoms of ADHD: History of the SNAP and the SWAN rating scales. The International Journal of Educational and Psychological Assessment, 10(1), 51-70. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4618695/